Bone Cancer
A bone cancer is an abnormal growth of cells within the bone that have became cancerous. Bone cancer may be classified as primary cancer originated in the bone, and secondary cancer originated from elsewhere.

Types of bone cancer
A. Osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma, a cancerous bone tumor, is the most common type of aggressive and primary bone cancer, usually arise in a bone and destroy local tissue and weakens the bone. Since osteosarcoma develops from osteoblasts, it most commonly affects adolescents and young adult and most cases of osteosarcoma involve the knee joint. It affects about four in one million people in the United States every year.

B. Chondrosarcoma
Chondrosarcoma is a cancer composed of cells derived from transformed cells that produce flexible connective tissues between bones. It is is the second most frequent primary malignant tumor of bone, representing approximately 25% of all primary osseous neoplasms.

C. Ewing's sarcoma
Ewing's sarcoma, a rare cancer disease found in the bone or in soft tissue, is a malignant bone tumor that affects childhood and young adulthood, but usually develops during puberty and spreads to the lungs and other bones.

D. Etc.

Symptoms and signs
1. Fracture due to the weakness of bone
2. Limitation of motion
3. Bone pain
4. Swelling, tenderness, pain or stiffness in the affected area
5. Fatigue
6. Involuntary Weight loss
7. Fever
8. Anemia
9. Limitation of motion
10. joint tenderness or inflammation
11. Etc.

Risk factors
1. Young age
Being a child or young adult

2. Undergone radiation therapy or chemotherapy
Treatments radiation therapy or chemotherapy may cause damage to the genetic material of the cells, leading to increased risk of bone cancer.

3. Family member with bone cancer
If one of the your direct family member had bone cancer, your risk of bone cancer is increased.

4. Non cancerous bone diseases
Children and teens who have certain noncancerous bone diseases have a higher chance of developing osteosarcoma.

5. Lifestyle factors
Some researchers believe that high-fat diets, lack of exercise, smoking, and excessive drinking can increase an adult’s risk of osteosarcoma and other bone cancers.

6. Etc.

Causes
The causes of bone cancers are still unknown, but researchers suspect that it may be caused by
1. Genetic mutation
It can be caused by alternation of cells DNA, leading to abnormal cells grow during the process of division and replication. As the cancerous cells do not die and keep multiply that lead to a malignant tumor and invade nearby tissues causing secondary cancer.


2. Radiation
Radiation treatment can damage the DNA of nrimal cells, causing of genetic mutations that can trigger osteosarcoma.

3. Trauma
Some researchers suggested that an often serious and body-altering physical injury of the bone in the young age, may increase the risk of osteosarcoma.

4. Paget's disease
Normal bone has a balance of forces that act to lay down new bone and take up old bone in maintaining the normal calcium levels in our blood. in patients with Paget's disease, the bone the bone formed during the normal process is abnormal, enlarged, less dense, and prone to breakage.

5. Hereditary retinoblastoma
Retinoblastoma is a cancer that develops in the cells of retina, affecting the eyes.

6. Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
Li-Fraumeni syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary disorder that can cause cancer often appears at a young age due to turn off the p53 tumor suppressor gene, including osteosarcoma.

7. Etc.

Diagnosis and tests
If a tumor is suspected, your doctor may first look into your medical history in detail and examinations of rectal for men to rule out the metastasis of primary prostate cancer and rectal and pelvic for women to rule out the metastasis of primary ovarian cancer
Tests to locate the primary tumor and any metastasis include:
1. X ray
X ray may be the first examination your doctor will order to detect the presence of bone tumors.
Because if its may give a false result in many cases, normally the examination is accompanied followed by a CT scan.

2. CT scan
CT scan is one most reliable in showing the the exacted extent of the tumor and how much bone have been affected.

3. Bone scan
It is a nuclear scanning test, beside mostly used in identifying new areas of bone growth and damage to the bones breakdown, it can also evaluates the metastasis of cancer in the bone.

4. Biopsy
It is general done with general anesthesia to identify the grade and to determine types of treatment and prognosis will produce the best result for the patients, when the tumor is identified.

5. MRI
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is one of many advanced technology used to visualize internal structures cross sectional imaging of your body used effectively in providing the better details of the metastasis of cancer in the bone and surrounding soft tissues.

6. Etc.

Factors that influence the treatment and prognosis
Factors that influence the treatment and prognosis are important to evaluate the future of the metastasis, normally the lung, types, position as well as the grade of the tumors to make the treatments more effective, including surgery and chemotherapy.

Treatments
There are different methods to treat bone cancer such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, depending types, the location, aggressiveness and metastasis of the bone cancer. The purpose of the treatment is to remove the primary tumor, prevent the risk of spreading and limit the impact the function and operation of of the affected parts of the patients' body.

A. Types of Treatment
1. Surgery
If it is localized osteosarcoma, your doctor will remove the tumor and some of the healthy tissue around in limb-preserving surgery and require radiotherapy after. In many cases, because of the size of tumor or other factors, all or part of an arm or leg (amputation) may be needed to remove for the best interest of the patients. In case of cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, lymph node dissection is required to prevent the tumor from spreading further.
Amputations were frequently used to remove bone cancer in the past, but today with advanced technology and better treatments, tumor can be removed without the need for an amputation in many cases.

2. Radiotherapy
Radiotherapy is the medical use of ionizing radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors and combine with other treatment such as surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, Immunotherapy or some mixture of the four.

3. Chemotherapy
If the cancer has spread to other organs or other part of the body or to prevent the spreading of the tumor, then chemotherapy is the best choice drugs to kill cancer cells by taking medications orally or into a vein or muscle by a needle, so the medication can travel in the bloodstream through out the body to kill cancer cells.Chemotherapy given after surgery, to remove the cancer, is called adjuvant chemotherapy. Chemotherapy given before surgery to shrink the cancer is called neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

4. Etc.

B. Most common types of bone cancer treatments

A. Osteosarcoma
Since osteosarcoma has a tendency to spread. In many case, the best treatment is the combination of surgery and chemotherapy.

B. Ewing's Sarcoma
Ewing's Sarcoma is more aggressive than other types of cancer. Since it also has tendency to spread but it is often responsive well to radiotherapy and chemotherapy combination but sometime combination of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy is required.

3. Chondrosarcoma
Since Ewing's sarcoma found in the bone or in soft tissue started in cartilage, is a lower types of growth and spreading, inmost cases, only surgery is required.

4. Etc.

Risks and Side effects of the treatments
A. Risks
1. Infection caused by surgery
2. Recurrence
3. Risk of fracture of the remaining bone
4. Weakness due to surgery
5. Loss of sensation due to removal of nerves
6. Killing normal cells due to drugs used in chemotherapy
7. Increased risk of wound problems from surgery in the same area
8. Damage to the surrounding skin and soft tissues.
9. Etc.

B. Side effects
1. Nausea and
2. Vomiting,
3. Loss of hair
4. Fatigue
5. Severe itching
6. breaking out in a rash or hives
7. Etc.

Most common Types of Cancer - Bone Cancer In Traditional Chinese Perspective

Bones cancer
Bones cancer is defined as a health condition of abnormal cells growth of the bone, including marrow, endosteum and periosteum, nerves, blood vessels and cartilage due to alternation of DNA in division and replication the bone malignant bone cells. It can be primary or secondary cancers.

Symptoms
1. Anaemia,
2. Lack of power
3. Nutrients deficiency, stabbing
4. Pain in the affect area
5. Lumps
6. Skin is dark red color
7. Broken bone or deformity
8.Weight loss
9. Loss of appetite
10. Fever
11. Numb in the affect area
12. Etc.

Causes
1. Kidney essence deficiency
In traditional Chinese medicine, The Kidney essence or Jing is the vital life force of the human body and of many of its functional activities in the development of Blood, spinal fluid, bone marrow, teeth and bones.
Kidney essence consists of two parts:
a. Congenital (Prenatal Jing)
As it is inherited from you parent and
b. Acquired (Postnatal Jing)
As it is transformed from the food nutrients by the spleen and stomach.
Deficiency of kidney essence or Jing leads to abnormal growth of the above.

2. Bone marrow void
Since kidney is responsible in nourishing the bone marrow to perform its function in producing of new blood cells and assisting lymphatic system to prevent the back flow of lymph. Deficiency of kidney essence cause abnormal bone marrow that leads to abnormal blood cell and fluid retention and stagnation, causing cancer

3. Damp heat and toxin accumulation
As the kidney no longer perform its function in transporting fluid, leading to water retention. Over prolonged period of time, it transforms to phlegm, leading to cancer.
Since kidney is one of defensive system in protect our body against toxins, deficiency of kidney essence causes accumulation of the toxins. Over prolonged period of toxins in the bone, it can lead to bone cancer.

4. Etc.

Treatments
Treatment in The traditional Chinese medicine is to nourish kidney deficiency essence, remove and clear away toxin, damp heat, smooth circulation to dissolve cancer and tumor. Since each formula is unique to each patient, depending to the observation and diagnosis.
A. General Treatments
A.1. Tonifies kidney essence
Complement Jing and tonify the bone marrow
1. Lu Rong (Cornu cervi Parvum)
Lu Rong is also known as Deer Antler. The salty and warm herb has been used in TCM to treat lack of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, leukorrhea, frequent urination, incontinence, vaginal bleeding not during menses, and lymph node inflammation as it strengthens sinews/bones, nourish Qi and blood and tonifies kidneys by enhancing the functions of liver and kidney channels.

2. Lu Jiao Jiao (Colla Cornus Cervi)
Lu Jiao Jiao is also known as Antler Gelatin. The sweet, salty and warm herb has been used in TCM to treat impotence, spermatorrhea, weak and cold loin and knees, tuberculosis with emaciation, blood in stool, blood in urine, gangrene with pain as it tonifies liver and kidneys, strengthens kidney Essence and blood and stops bleeding by enhancing the functions of liver and kidney channels.

3. Dong Cong Xia Cao (Cordyceps Sinensis)
Dong cong Xia Cao is also known as Cordyceps. The sweet and warm herb has been used in TCM to treat impotence, chronic lower back pain, chronic cough and wheezing from deficiency, blood in phlegm, as it tonifies the lung and kidney, stops bleeding and transforms phlegm by enhancing the functions of kidney and lung channels.

4. Gui Ban Jiao (Colla Plastrum Testudinis)
Gui Ban Jiao is also known as fresh water turtle Shell. The sweet, warm and neutral herb has been used in TCM to treat chronic ache in join and knees, weakness in knees and feet of the aged, spermatorrhea and chronic cough, soft bones in small children, late development of teeth in small children and late in fusing of the anterior fontanel, fright and palpitation, insomnia and forgetfulness and improves anti-cancer ability function, as it tonifies Kidney-essence, nourishes kidney yin and blood and stops bleeding, by enhancing the functions of liver, kidney and heart channels.

5. Etc.

Tonify kidney yin
1. Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae)
Di huang is also known as Rehmannia. The sweet and cold herb has been used in TCM to tonify blood tonic and treat weakness caused by tuberculosis, vomiting blood, nose bleeding, coughing blood, bleeding in the uterus as it eliminates heat, disperses heart and liver fire, expels toxins; invigorates Blood, reduces blood accumulation by enhancing the function of heart, liver and kidey channels.

2. Tian Men Dong (Tuber Asparagi Cochinchinenses)
Tian men Dong is also known as asparagus tuber. The sweet bitter and very cold herb has been used in TCM to treat chronic bronchitis, spermatorrhea, weakness in legs, thirst, lung deficient with heat, dry cough, thick phlegm with difficulty to expel as its clears the lungs, moves fire downwards, nourishes yin by enhancing the functions of lung and kidney channels.

3. Gou Qi Zi (Fructus Lycii)
Gou Qi Zi is also known as Wolfbery. The sweet and neutral herb has been used in TCM to alleviates sore back, leg, and stomach; improves night vision, blurred vision and treat diabetes and premature white hair, as it tonifies and nourishes liver and kidneys, improves vision, moistens the lungs by enhancing the function of liver, kidney and lung channels.

4. Sang Shen Zi (Fructus Mori)
Sang Shen Zi is also known as Mulberry. The sweet, sour and cold herb has been used TCM to treat vertigo, tinnitus, insomnia with palpitation, weak digestion, premature white hair, thirst, diabetes with heat, as it nourishes yin, tonifies blood promotes generation of body fluids, by enhancing the functions of liver kidney and lung channels.

5. Nu Zhen Zi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi)
Nu zhen Zi is also known as privet fruit. The bitter, sweet and neutral herb has been used in TCM as anti inflammatory, anti cancer and anti oxidization medicine and to regulate immune system, lower blood sugar as it tonifies the liver and kidney, benefits the liver and kidney and clears heat by enhancing the function of liver and kidney channels.

6. Etc.

A.2. Removes damp heat and Dissolves modules
1. Long Dan Cao (Radix Gentianae longdancao)
Long Dan Cao is also known as Gentian Root. The bitter and cold herb has been used in TCM to treat red-swollen-sore throat/eyes/ears, jaundice, painful-swollen genitals, leucorrhea, cystitis, inflammation of the urethra, boils on skin, feverish malaria, chronic gastritis, eczema, conjunctivitis, hypertension with dizziness and tinnitus, malaria, and herpes zoster as it drains damp heat from liver and gallbladder, clears ascending liver fire by enhancing the functions of gallbladder, liver and stomach channels.

2. Huang Qin (Radix astragali)
Huang Qi is also known as Astragalus root. The sweet and warm herb has been used in TCM to treat numbness of limb, morbidity after stroke, sweating, promoting pus discharge and tissue regeneration and diabetes and promotes diuresis to reduce edema as it tonifies qi, enhances Yang, strengthens the defensive-qi and the exterior and expels toxins and as diuretic to resolve oedema by promoting the functions of lung and spleen channels.

3. Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae Jasminoidis)
Zhi Zi is also known as Gardenia. The bitter, cold and non toxic herb has been used in TCM as as antipyretic agent and to treat,insomnia and irritability, high fever with delusion and infection as its disperses fire, calms anxiety, clears heat, drains dampness, cools blood and expels toxins by enhancing the functions of heart, liver, lung, stomach and triple burner channels.

4. Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae)
Di huang is also known as Rehmannia. The sweet and cold herb has been used in TCM to tonify blood tonic and treat weakness caused by tuberculosis, vomiting blood, nose bleeding, coughing blood, bleeding in the uterus as it eliminates heat, disperses heart and liver fire, expels toxins; invigorates Blood, reduces blood accumulation by enhancing the function of heart, liver and kidey channels.

5. Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae Uralensis)
Gan Cao is also known as Licorice Root. The sweet and neutral herb has been used in TCM as am anti ulcer, anti convulsion, anti inflammation, anti allergy and anti cancer agent and to treat stomach weakness, tired and lack of strength, palpitation and short of breath, cough as it tonifies the spleen, enhances qi, moistens lungs to calm cough and to relieves acute pain by enhancing the functions of all channels.

6. Etc.

A.3. Detoxification
1. Jin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae japonicae)
Jin Yin Hua is also known as Honeysuckle. The sweet and cool herb has been used in TCM to treat respiratory tract infection, influenza, acute infection of the tonsils and the mammary glands, lobar pneumonia and bacterial type of dysentery as it clears heat and damp hear and expels toxins and damp wind by enhancing the functions of lung, heart, large intestine, and stomach channels.

2. Lian Qiao (Fructus Forsythiae Suspensae)
Lian Qiao is also known as Forsythia fruit. The bitter, acrid and cool herb has been used in TCM as antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antiemetic, antibiotic and anti inflammatory agent and to protect liver, stop vomiting, help blood circulation, promote urination as it clear heat, expels toxins, resoloves abscesses and disovoles nodules by promotinf the functions of heart, liver and gall bladder channels.

3. Pu Gong Yin (Herba Taraxaci Mongolici cum Radice)
Pu Gong Yin is also known as Dandelion. The bitter, aweet and cold herb has been used in TCM as a diuretic and laxative agent and to improves digestion. promote bile secretion and protect liver as it drain dampness, clear heat and expels toxins by enhancing the functions of liver and stomach channels.

4. Ban Lan Gen (Radix Isatidis)
Ban Lan Gen is also known as Indago Root. The bitter and cold herb has been used by TCM to treat chicken pox, chronic myelogenous leukemia, digestive tract ulcer and infection,epilepsy, hepatitis with jaundice, herpes simplex II, herpes zoster and influenza as it clears heat, expels toxins, cools blood and resolves exanthema by enhancing the functions of heart, lung and stomach channels.

5. Ma Chi Xian (Herba Portulacae)
Ma Chi Xian is also known as Purslane. The bitter and cool herb has been used in TCM as
anti-cancer, anti-bacteria, anti-coagulation and anti-hypertensive and anti-fungus agent and to promote functions of epithelium and treat ulcers as its clear heat, expels toxins, cool blood and stops bleeding by enhancing the functions of liver and large intestine channels.

6. Etc.

A.4. Improves blood circulation
1. Chuan Xiong (Radix Ligustici Wallichii)
Chuan Xiong is also known as Szehuan lovage root. The acrid and warm herb has been used in TCM to relieves pain, headaches, abdominal ache, chest pain, muscle pain, boils, difficulty in menses, amenorrhea as it moves blood and qi, expels wind and calms pain by enhancing the functions of liver, gallbladder and pericardium channels.

2. Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Alba)
Nai Shoa is also known as White Peony roots. The bitter, sour and cool herb has been used in TCM as anti-spastic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, analgesic, and agent sedative and to lower blood pressure, dilate peripheral blood vessels and coronary arteries as it nourishes liver and blood, preserves yin, calm pain by enhancing the function of liver and spleen channels.

3. Dang Qui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis,)
Dang Qui is also known as Chinese Angelica root. The sweet, acrid, bitter and warm herb has been used in TCM to regulat the menses, lubricates bowels to correct constipation, reduce swelling, expel pus, relieve pain as it tonifies and moves blood, calms pain, moistens the intestines by enhancing the functions of heart, liver and spleen channels.

4. Tian Nan Xing (Rhizoma Arisaematis)
Tian Nan Xing is also known as Jack In The Pulpit. The bitter, warm and acrid herb has been used in TCM as anti convulsion, expectorant, sedation, analgesia, sedative and anti-cancer agent and used extenally for insect and snake bites as it dries dampness, transforms phlegm, expels wind and calms convulsions by ehancing the functions of liver, lung and spleen channels.

5. Bing Pian (Borneolum)
Bing Pian is also known as borneol. The warm, acrid toxic herb has been used in TCM as sedative, anti bacterial agent and to relieve local pain as it opens the orifices,r estores consciousness, clears Heat and calms pain by enhancing the functions of heart, spleen, liver and lung channels.

6. Etc.

A.5. Etc.

B. Specific treatments
B.1. Osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone cancer that usually develops in adolescence, and teenager during the period of rapid growth and has a tendency to spread.
1. Shu Di Huang (Shu Di Huang)
Shu di Huang is also known as Rehmannia Root. The sweet, bitter and warm herb has been used in TCM as diuretic agent and to strengthen the function of the heart, increases blood pressure constrict blood vessel and decreases the blood sugar as it nourishes yin, Jing and blood and strengthens the bone marrow by enhancing the functions of heart, kidney and liver channels.

2. Lu Jiao Jiao (Colla Cornus Cervi)
Lu Jiao Jiao is also known as Deer Antler Glue. The sweet, salty and warm herb has been used by TCM to impotence, spermatorrhea, weak and cold loin and knees, excessive bleeding not during menses, blood in stool, blood in urine as it tonifies liver and kidneys, strengthens Jing and blood and stops bleeding by enhancing the functions of kidney and liver channels.

3. Bai Jie Zi (Semen Sinapsis Albae)
Bai Jie Zi is also known as White Mustard Seed. The warm, acrid and toxic herb has been used in TCM to treat pain in limbs and joints, migrating sores, chronic bronchitis, emphysema and neuralgia as it warms the lung, eliminates phlegm, moves qi and disperses nodules and enhances channels' circulation by promoting the function of lung and stomach channels.

4. Rou Qui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae)
Rou Qui is also known as Cinamon Bark. The sweet, acrid and very warm herb has been used in TCM to treat cold limbs, cold limbs, diarrhea, muscle spasm, headache, back pain, sweating and impotent and promote urination as it tonifies fire, enhances yang, disperses cold and promotes circulation in the channels by enhacing the functions of heart, ling and gallbladder channels.

5. Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae Uralensis)
Gan Cao is also known as Licorice Root. The sweet and neutral herb has been used in TCM as am anti ulcer, anti convulsion, anti inflammation, anti allergy and anti cancer agent and to treat stomach weakness, tired and lack of strength, palpitation and short of breath, cough as it tonifies the spleen, enhances qi, moistens lungs to calm cough and to relieves acute pain by enhancing the functions of all channels.

6. Etc.

B. 2. The relatively slow course of malignant bone tumors (Chondrosarcoma)
Cancers are composed of cells derived from abnormal cells of the cartilage.
1. San Leng (Rhizoma Sparganii Stoloniferi)
San Leng is also known as Burreed Rhizome. The acrid, bitter and neutral herb has been used in TCM to treat painful and absence of menses, postpartum complication, absence of menses, prmote digestion and inhibits pain as it eliminates blood accumulation, moves qi and calms pain by enhancing the functions of liver and spleen channels.

2. Hong Hua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii)
Hong Hua is also known as Safflower. The acrid and warm hern has been used in TCM to treat rheumatoid arthritis, promote menstruation, get rid of blood clots and treat enlargement of the liver and spleen as it moves blood; eliminates blood stasis by enhancing the functions of liver and heart channels.

3. Sheng Chuan Wu (Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)
Sheng Chuan Wu is unprepared Monkshood Daughter Root. The acrid hot and toxic herb has been used in TCM to treat muscle spasm in cholera, pain and cold in chest and abdomen, chronic diarrhea, tightness and pain in joints and muscles, edema and coldness in the lower legs and raise body temperature as it restores and benefits yang, tonifies fire, disperses cold and calms pain by enhancing the functions of heart kidney and spleen channels.

4. Tao Ren (Semen Persicae)
Tao Ren is also known as Peach Seed. The bitter, sweet and neutral herb has been used in TCM as anti coagulation, anti hypertensive, inhibits pain, anti inflammation, detoxification, anti-allergenics agent and to inhibit pain and promote bowel movements as it moves blood, eliminates accumulations, moistens intestines by enhancing the functions of heart, large intestine, liver and lung channels.

5. Ru Xiang (Gummi Olibanum)
Ru Xiang is also known as Frankincense Carterii. The acrid, bitter and warm herb has been used in TCM to improve circulation, repair muscle and treat gingivitis, rheumatoid arthritis, cirrhosis of liver and amenorrhea as it moves blood, calms pain, resolves edema and promotes tissue regeneration by enhancing the heart, liver and spleen channels.

6. Etc.


B. 3. Uncommon tumor (Giant cell tumor of bone)
Giant-cell tumor of the bone (GCTOB) is a relatively uncommon tumor. It is characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells. These tumors are generally benign, with unpredictable behavior and formed by fusion of several individual cells into a single, larger complex.
1. Dang Qui
(Radix Angelicae Sinensis,)Dang Qui is also known as Chinese Angelica root. The sweet, acrid, bitter and warm herb has been used in TCM to regulat the menses, lubricates bowels to correct constipation, reduce swelling, expel pus, relieve pain as it tonifies and moves blood, calms pain, moistens the intestines by enhancing the functions of heart, liver and spleen channels.

2. Dang Shen(Radix Codonopsitis Pilosulae)
Dang Shen is al;so known as Codonopsis Root. The sweet and neutral herb has been used in TCM to improve immune system, body function, stimulates nervous system, increase red blood cells, white blood cells, enhances blood coagulation as it tonifies the middle burner, strengthens qi, nourish blood and promotes generation of body fluids by enhamcing the functions of lung and spleen channels.

3. Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae)
Chen pi is also known Tangerine Peel. The bitter, acrid and warm herb has been used in TCM as anti-biotic agent and to improve digestion, stop bleeding, increase blood pressure, stimulate blood vessels, inhibits movements of digestive tract and uterus as it regulates qi and the middle burner, drains dampness and transforms phlegm by enhancing the functions of lung and spleen channels.

4. Hai Dai (Thallus Laminariae)
Hai Dai or Kung Pu is also known as Kelp. The salty and cold hern has been used in TCM as diuretic agent and to treat thyroids and lymph glands tumor, swollen testes, edema., swollen testes, edema as it resolves phlegm and softens hardness and promotes water metabolism by enhancing the functions of liver, kidney and stomach channels.

5. Huang Qi (Radix astragali)
Huang Qi is also known as Astragalus root. The sweet and warm herb has been used in TCM to treat numbness of limb, morbidity after stroke, sweating, promoting pus discharge and tissue regeneration and diabetes and promotes diuresis to reduce edema as it tonifies qi, enhances Yang, strengthens the defensive-qi and the exterior and expels toxins and as diuretic to resolve oedema by promoting the functions of lung and spleen channels.
6. Etc.

B. 4. Ewing's Sarcoma
1. Huai shan (Radix Dioscoreae Oppositae)
Huai Shan or Shan Yao is also known as Yam Rhizome. The sweet and neutral herb has been used in TCM as antibiotic and anti aging agent and to improve digestive system, promote urination, lower blood sugar and pressure as it nourishes yin and Jing, tonifies qi, spleen, lung and kidney by enhancing the kidney, lung and spleen channels

2. Sang Ji Sheng (Ramulus Loranthi)
Sang Ji Sheng is also known as Mulberry Mistletoes. The bitter and neutral herb has been used in TCM as diuretic, sedative and antiviral agent and to lower blood pressure, improve circulation and inhibits certain types of virus as it expels wind-damp, tonifies liver and kidneys, strengthens the sinews and bones and prevents miscarriage by enhancing the functions of liver and kidney channels.

3. Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Alba)
Bai Shao is also known as White Peony roots. The bitter, sour and cool herb has been used in TCM as anti-spastic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, analgesic, and agent sedative and to lower blood pressure, dilate peripheral blood vessels and coronary arteries as it nourishes liver and blood, preserves yin, calm pain by enhancing the function of liver and spleen channels.

4. Chuan Niu Xi (Radix Cyathulae)
Chuan Niu Xi is also known as Cyathula Root. The sweet, bitter and neutral herb has been used in TCM as aborptive agent to promote blood circulation, metabolism, flow of bile juice and enhance immune system as it expels wind ,disperses dampness and soothes the joints by enhancing the functions of liver and kidney channels.

5. Dan Shen (Radix Salvia miltiorrhizae)
Dan Shen is also known as Salvia Root. The bitter and slightly cold herb has been used in TCM as antithrombotic, antihypertonic, antimicrobial, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and sedative agent and to release pain, get rid of clot blood, treat dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, restlessness, insomnia and irritability as it invigorates blood, break up blood stasis, clear heat and calm stomach pain by enhancing the invigorate heart and liver channels.