As we mentioned in previous articles, infertility is defined as inability of a couple to conceive after 12 months of unprotected sexual intercourse. It effects over 5 millions couple alone in the U. S. and many times more in the world. Because of unawareness of treatments, only 10% seeks help from professional specialist. In this article, we will discuss what is male infertility biochemical analysis ?
I. Definition
The study of the chemical substances and vital processes occurring in male testicle such as the concentration of white blood cells, the level of fructose in the semen, and the volume, pH, and liquefaction time of the ejaculate.
II. Procedure
The semen sample of sperm is taken at the clinic laboratory through masturbation, the the semen is sent for analysis for chemical substances and vital processes as mentioned in the definition.
III. Diagnosis
This test a semen analysis typically for
1. Volume
The semen sample required for this test is no less than 2.0 ml or more
It measures the number of sperm per millilitre ( ml ) of ejaculate
2. pH
pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution ( PH of 07 is considered as neutral). In this test, it is requires in the range of 7.2-8.0 to be considered as normal.
3. Sperm concentration
It measures the number of sperm per millilitre of ejaculate, for a normal sperm concentration it requires 20,000,000 per ml or more.
4. Motility
Motility is a measure of sperm for movement, the normal sperm motility is 50% or more with forward progression. It can be classified in 4 grade
a) Sperm with progressive motility:
These are the strongest and swim fast in a straight line
b) Non-linear motility: These also move forward but tend to travel in a curved or crooked motion.
c) Non-progressive motility:
Sperm not move forward despite the fact that they move their tails.
d) Non motility:
Fail to move at all.
5. Rapid forward progressive motility
Sample sperm requires to have at least 25% or more of this types of sperm to be considered as normal.
6. Morphology
It is the study of normal and abnormal form of the sperm. It considered normal if it is
a) 30% or more normal forms (WHO criteria)
b) 11% or more normal forms (Tygerberg strict criteria developed by Dr. Roelof Menkveld, Tygerberg Hospital, South Africa, and disseminated by Dr. Thinus Kruger )
7. Vitality
The sample should have least 75% live sperm in a semen sample
8. White blood cells
The sample must have a white blood cells of less than 1,000,000 per ml. Otherwise, it may be an indication of immunity causes of infertility and more testes are required.
Sometime the semen sample may also be tested for vesicular function, citrate or acid phosphatase for the prostate gland and free carnitine as an index of epididymal function, if it is requested by your fertilization specialist.
I. Definition
The study of the chemical substances and vital processes occurring in male testicle such as the concentration of white blood cells, the level of fructose in the semen, and the volume, pH, and liquefaction time of the ejaculate.
II. Procedure
The semen sample of sperm is taken at the clinic laboratory through masturbation, the the semen is sent for analysis for chemical substances and vital processes as mentioned in the definition.
III. Diagnosis
This test a semen analysis typically for
1. Volume
The semen sample required for this test is no less than 2.0 ml or more
It measures the number of sperm per millilitre ( ml ) of ejaculate
2. pH
pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution ( PH of 07 is considered as neutral). In this test, it is requires in the range of 7.2-8.0 to be considered as normal.
3. Sperm concentration
It measures the number of sperm per millilitre of ejaculate, for a normal sperm concentration it requires 20,000,000 per ml or more.
4. Motility
Motility is a measure of sperm for movement, the normal sperm motility is 50% or more with forward progression. It can be classified in 4 grade
a) Sperm with progressive motility:
These are the strongest and swim fast in a straight line
b) Non-linear motility: These also move forward but tend to travel in a curved or crooked motion.
c) Non-progressive motility:
Sperm not move forward despite the fact that they move their tails.
d) Non motility:
Fail to move at all.
5. Rapid forward progressive motility
Sample sperm requires to have at least 25% or more of this types of sperm to be considered as normal.
6. Morphology
It is the study of normal and abnormal form of the sperm. It considered normal if it is
a) 30% or more normal forms (WHO criteria)
b) 11% or more normal forms (Tygerberg strict criteria developed by Dr. Roelof Menkveld, Tygerberg Hospital, South Africa, and disseminated by Dr. Thinus Kruger )
7. Vitality
The sample should have least 75% live sperm in a semen sample
8. White blood cells
The sample must have a white blood cells of less than 1,000,000 per ml. Otherwise, it may be an indication of immunity causes of infertility and more testes are required.
Sometime the semen sample may also be tested for vesicular function, citrate or acid phosphatase for the prostate gland and free carnitine as an index of epididymal function, if it is requested by your fertilization specialist.
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