Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a condition where there is abdominal pain,cramps and changes in bowel movements. It is not the same as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's diseaseand ulcerative colitis. In Irritable Bowel Syndrome, the structure of the bowel is not abnormal.

It is not clear why patients develop IBS, however it sometimes occurs after an infection of the intestines. When it does it is called “postinfectious IBS”.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome can occur at any age, but it often begins in the teen years or early twenties, and  is twice as common in women as in men.  It is estimated that about 1 in 6 people have symptoms of IBS, and it is the most common cause of intestinal problems.

The symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome range from mild to severe abdominal pain, bloating and gas. There may be diarrhea, or constipation, or they may alternate, the symptoms are not always the same in an individual. For most people the symptoms will be mild.  However, they will be different from person to person. Often the symptoms will disappear after a bowel movement.

In some cases the symptoms may get worse for a few weeks or a month, and then improve and even get better. For others the symptoms are present most of the time.

There is no test to diagnose Irritable Bowel Syndrome. However, tests may be done to rule out other problems, for example Blood tests to see if a person has celiac disease or a low blood count, or a stool culture may be taken to check for infection.

The treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome is to relieve symptoms. This often involves life-style changes. Regular exercise and improved sleep patterns may be recommended, also a reduction in anxiety Changes in diet can be helpful, but no specific diet can be recommended because the condition differs from one person to another. It has been found that an increase of fibre in the diet may improve constipation, but can sometimes make bloating worse, and the avoidance of drinks that stimulate the intestines such as caffeine, tea, and colas can also help. Therapy may help in cases of severe anxiety or depression.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome may be a lifelong condition for some people, and the symptoms can be disabling and reduce the ability to work, travel, and attend social events. IBS does not cause permanent harm to the intestines, and it does not lead to a serious disease. Through changes in diet and lifestyle the symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome can often be improved and relieved.